When they fed these to Open AI’s GPT-3-the version of the algorithm that powered ChatGPT at the time-the LLM’s top three potential diagnoses for each case included the correct one 88 percent of the time. In a study posted on the preprint server medRxiv in February that has not yet been peer-reviewed, epidemiologist Andrew Beam of Harvard University and his colleagues wrote 48 prompts phrased as descriptions of patients’ symptoms. “It’s a complicated space because it’s evolving so rapidly,” says Nina Singh, a medical student at New York University who studies AI in medicine.īut the well-read LLM chatbots could take doctor-AI collaboration-and even diagnosis-to a new level. Many medical systems already use simpler chatbots to perform tasks such as scheduling appointments and providing people with general health information. During the COVID pandemic, the number of messages from patients to physicians via digital portals increased by more than 50 percent. The practice of medicine has increasingly shifted online in recent years. There’s a new potential for harm that did not exist with simple Google searches or symptom checkers, Tolchin says. He also questions about how people will interpret the information. Still, Tolchin and others worry that chatbots have a number of pitfalls, including uncertainty about the accuracy of the information they give people, threats to privacy and racial and gender bias ingrained in the text the algorithms draw from. By purchasing a subscription you are helping to ensure the future of impactful stories about the discoveries and ideas shaping our world today. If you're enjoying this article, consider supporting our award-winning journalism by subscribing. “It’s very impressive, very encouraging in terms of future potential,” he adds. ![]() Some researchers predict that within the year, a major medical center will announce a collaboration using LLM chatbots to interact with patients and diagnose disease.ĬhatGPT was only released last November, but Tolchin says at least two patients have already told him they used it to self-diagnose symptoms or to look up side effects of medication. Initial tests by researchers suggest these AI programs are far more accurate than a Google search. Faced with a critical shortage of health care workers, researchers and medical professionals hope that bots can step in to help answer people’s questions. Trained on text across the Internet, these large language models (LLMs) predict the next word in a sequence to answer questions in a humanlike style. ![]() Google” is notoriously lacking in context and prone to pulling up unreliable sources.īut in recent months Tolchin has begun seeing patients who are using a new, far more powerful tool for self-diagnosis: artificial intelligence chatbots such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT, the latest version of Microsoft’s search engine Bing (which is based on OpenAI’s software) and Google’s Med-PaLM. Benjamin Tolchin, a neurologist and ethicist at Yale University, is used to seeing patients who searched for their symptoms on the Internet before coming to see him-a practice doctors have long tried to discourage.
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